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Structure of a carboxylic acid Carboxylate anion 3D structure of a carboxylic acid. In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) [1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO 2 H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to ...
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a ...
An illustrative example is the epoxidation of trans-2-butene with m-CPBA to give trans-2,3-epoxybutane: [4] The oxygen atom that adds across the double bond of the alkene is taken from the peroxy acid, generating a molecule of the corresponding carboxylic acid as a byproduct.
In chemistry, a double bond is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond. Double bonds occur most commonly between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes. Many double bonds exist between two different elements: for example, in a carbonyl group between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom ...
This example showcases the "divide and duplicate rule" for double bonds. The vinyl group (C=C) or alkene portion has a higher priority over the alkane (C−C) portion. If an atom, A, is double-bonded to another atom, then atom A should be treated as though it is "connected to the same atom twice". [ 11 ]
Because of resonance stabilization, carboxylic acids have much lower pK a values (and are therefore stronger acids) than alcohols. For example, the pK a value of acetic acid is 4.8, while ethanol has a pK a of 16. Hence acetic acid is a much stronger acid than ethanol. This in turn means that for equimolar solutions of a carboxylic acid or an ...
Aromatic hydrocarbons contain conjugated double bonds. This means that every carbon atom in the ring is sp2 hybridized, allowing for added stability. The most important example is benzene, the structure of which was formulated by Kekulé who first proposed the delocalization or resonance principle for explaining its structure. For "conventional ...
Acidity of the hydroxyl proton at the terminus of the vinyl group in ascorbic acid is more comparable to a typical carboxylic acid than an alcohol because two major resonance structures stabilize the negative charge on the conjugate base of ascorbic acid (center and right structures in last image), analogous to the two resonance structures that ...