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Intra-abdominal infection (IAI, also spelled intraabdominal) is a group of infections that occur within the abdominal cavity. They vary from appendicitis to fecal peritonitis . [ 1 ] Risk of death despite treatment is often high.
Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
Sterile abdominal surgery, under normal circumstances, causes localised or minimal generalised peritonitis, which may leave behind a foreign body reaction or fibrotic adhesions. However, peritonitis may also be caused by the rare case of a sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g., gauze, sponge).
An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body, usually caused by bacterial infection. [6] [7] Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling. [1] The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed. [1] The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling. [8]
Secondary peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscesses including splenic and hepatic abscesses generally occur because of the entry of enteric micro-organisms into the peritoneal cavity through a defect in the wall of the intestine or other viscus as a result of obstruction, infarction or direct trauma.
Pelvic abscess is a collection of pus in the pelvis, typically occurring following lower abdominal surgical procedures, or as a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), appendicitis, or lower genital tract infections. [1] Signs and symptoms include a high fever, pelvic mass, vaginal bleeding or discharge, and lower abdominal pain. [1]
A liver abscess is a mass filled with pus inside the liver. [1] Common causes are abdominal conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis due to haematogenous spread through the portal vein. [2] It can also develop as a complication of a liver injury.
Signs and symptoms of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) include fevers, chills, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and tenderness, general malaise, altered mental status, and worsening ascites. [1] Thirteen percent of patients have no signs or symptoms. [12]