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The most important damage caused was the destruction of the Parthenon. The Turks used the temple for ammunition storage, and when, on the evening of 26 September 1687, a mortar shell hit the building, the resulting explosion killed 300 people and led to the complete destruction of the temple's roof and most of the walls.
The last dedication in the Parthenon by a polytheist is dated to 375, [5] and the last Panathenaic Games were held in 391 or 395. [6] F.W. Deichmann has shown that the conversion to a church must have occurred before 578–582, due to the presence of Christian tombs with datable numismatic evidence on the south side of the Parthenon.
The Parthenon had 46 outer columns and 23 inner columns in total, each column having 20 flutes. (A flute is the concave shaft carved into the column form.) The roof was covered with large overlapping marble tiles known as imbrices and tegulae. [66] [67] The Parthenon is regarded as the finest example of Greek architecture.
The Parthenon was erected between 447 and 438 BC. [4] The "pre-Parthenon" (little known) was hexastyle . Its successor, which was much larger, was octastyle (eight columns in front and seventeen on the sides of the peristyle) [ 9 ] and measured 30.88 meters wide and 69.50 meters long. [ 4 ]
The Older Parthenon (in black) was destroyed by the Achaemenids in the Destruction of Athens, and then rebuilt by Pericles (in grey).. The Older Parthenon or Pre‐Parthenon, as it is frequently referred to, [1] constitutes the first endeavour to build a sanctuary for Athena Parthenos on the site of the present Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens.
The Hekatompedon or Hekatompedos (Ancient Greek: ἑκατόμπεδος, from ἑκατόν, "hundred", and πούς, "foot"), also known as Ur-Parthenon and H–Architektur, was an ancient Greek temple on the Acropolis of Athens built from limestone in the Archaic period, and placed in the position of the present Parthenon.
Plan of the Parthenon: 1) Pronaos (east side) 2) Naos hecatompedos neos (east side) 3) Chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos 4) Parthenon (virgin room, treasure) (west side) 5) Opisthodomos (west side) In 480 BCE, the Persians ransacked the Acropolis of Athens, including the pre-Parthenon, which was under construction at the time. [1]
The roadway used to transport marble blocks from the quarry to the Acropolis in antiquity is a continual downhill, and follows the natural lay of the land. It has been researched and fully documented by the chief Acropolis restoration architect, Professor Manolis Korres, in his award-winning book From Pentelicon to the Parthenon. A monastery is ...