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Typically, an involucre with a clasping shape similar to a cup or urn subtends each of a thistle's flower heads. The typically feathery pappus of a ripe thistle flower is known as thistle-down. [1] The spininess varies considerably by species. For example, Cirsium heterophyllum has very soft spines while Cirsium spinosissimum is the opposite. [2]
The phyllaries under the flowers occur in many rows, with the outer row with spine-tipped lobes and apical spines. The fruit is a black achene with a white pappus. [7] Species and varieties [8] [9] Silybum eburneum Coss. & Dur., known as the silver milk thistle, elephant thistle, or ivory thistle - Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Spain Silybum ...
Cirsium vulgare, the spear thistle, bull thistle, or common thistle, is a species of the Asteraceae genus Cirsium, native throughout most of Europe (north to 66°N, locally 68°N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwestern Africa (Atlas Mountains).
Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle) is listed in the United States (where as a non-native invasive species it has been renamed "bull thistle") as a noxious weed in nine states. [6] Some species in particular are cultivated in gardens and wildflower plantings for their aesthetic value and/or to support pollinators such as bees and butterflies.
The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family and the subfamily Carduoideae. [5] Most of them are commonly known as thistles; [6] four of the best known genera are Carduus, [7] Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium, [7] and Onopordum.
Sonchus oleraceus is a species of flowering plant in the tribe Cichorieae of the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Western Asia. It has many common names including common sowthistle, [2] sow thistle, [3] smooth sow thistle, annual sow thistle,puha, [4] hare's colwort, hare's thistle, milky tassel, milk thistle, [5] and soft thistle.
Centaurea (/ ˌ s ɛ n t ɔː ˈ r iː ə /) [1] is a genus of over 700 species of herbaceous thistle-like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.Members of the genus are found only north of the equator, mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere; the Middle East and surrounding regions are particularly species-rich.
The genus Carthamus, the distaff thistles, includes plants in the family Asteraceae. [4] The group is native to Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. [3] [5] The flower has been used since ancient times in the Philippines, which it has been called kasubha by the Tagalog people.