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Adopting the public sector's performance-based budgeting for the private sector using the Corporate Performance Management (CPM) framework. In performance-based budgeting, first the goals and objectives of the organization or department are identified, then measurement tools are developed and the last step is reporting. [6] [7] [8]
Zero-based budget is a budgeting approach that requires justifying every dollar spent, rather than basing the budget on the previous year's spending. This approach forces government entities to critically evaluate every expense and prioritize resources based on the highest impact and greatest need.
A Certified Government Financial Manager (CGFM) is a professional certification issued by the Association of Government Accountants (AGA) in the United States.It was created in 1994 to provide a professional standard of financial expertise and ethics in government and a standard by which government financial management professionals are measured.
Output budgeting is a wide-ranging management technique introduced into the United States in the mid-1960s by Robert S. McNamara's collaborator Charles J. Hitch, not always with ready cooperation with the administrators and based on the industrial management techniques of program budgeting.
Performance-Based Budgeting: Linking budget allocations to performance outcomes is an evolving practice. It involves setting specific targets and metrics for government programs and allocating funds based on the achievement of these targets.
NPR introduced the use of performance measurements and customer satisfaction surveys, and encouraged the use of technology including the Internet. NPR is recognized as a success and had a lasting impact according to government officials who worked on or were influenced by it under the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations. [2] [3]
The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA) (Pub. L. 103–62) is a United States law enacted in 1993, [1] one of a series of laws designed to improve government performance management. The GPRA requires agencies to engage in performance management tasks such as setting goals, measuring results, and reporting their progress.
OMB Circular A-11 ("Preparation, Submission, and Execution of the Budget") is a United States government circular that addresses budget preparation for federal agencies, [1] and is "the primary document that instructs agencies how to prepare and submit budget requests for OMB review and approval". [2]