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The bulbs need some exposure to cold temperatures for 12 to 14 weeks in order to bloom. [1] Flower bulbs are generally planted in the fall in colder climates. The bulbs go dormant in the winter but they continue to absorb water and nutrients from the soil and they develop roots. [2] Most bulbs produce perennial flowers.
Longitudinal section through bulb Cross section of onion bulb. The bulb's leaf bases, also known as scales, generally do not support leaves, but contain food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse conditions. At the center of the bulb is a vegetative growing point or an unexpanded flowering shoot.
Bulbs that have dried out either fail to grow or take a long time to establish. The plant can be propagated from seed as well as by division. Seeds require a period of cold in order to germinate and take 4–5 years to reach flowering size. [10] Bulbs may be attacked by the narcissus bulb fly (Merodon equestris). Flowers may be eaten by slugs ...
The bulbs are produced to satisfy the demand for bulbs for parks, gardens and as house plants, in addition to providing the bulbs necessary for the production of cut flowers. The international trade in cut flowers has a worldwide value of approximately 11,000 million Euros, which gives an idea of the economic importance of this activity.
O. umbellatum is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant , dying back after flowering, to an underground storage bulb. The following year, it regrows from the often shallow rooted bulbs, which are ovoid with a membranous coat, [2] 15–25 millimetres (1 ⁄ 2 –1 inch) long and 18–32 mm (3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) in diameter.
The bulbs are best planted just below the surface of the soil, with the neck of the bulb level with the surface. In colder climates mulching or lifting and overwintering is required. The bulbs may be propagated from offsets. Amaryllis bulbs require little watering and are drought tolerant. [5]