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A sphygmomanometer (/ ˌ s f ɪ ɡ m oʊ m ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ t ə r / SFIG-moh-mə-NO-mi-tər), also known as a blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, [1] and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure.
The use of mercury manometers is often required in clinical trials and for the clinical measurement of hypertension in high-risk patients, such as pregnant women. A cuff of the appropriate size [12] is fitted snugly, then inflated manually by repeatedly squeezing a rubber bulb until the artery is completely occluded.
An open (differential) mercury pressure gauge. A mercury pressure gauge is a type of manometer using mercury as the working fluid. The most basic form of this instrument is a U-shaped glass tube filled with mercury. More complex versions deal with very high pressure or have better means of filling with mercury.
Hence, cuff pressure is lowered and the overall blood volume remains constant. As blood volume and thus PG is held constant over time, the pressure difference between cuff pressure and intra-arterial pressure is zero. Intra-arterial pressure is equal to cuff pressure, which can easily be measured by means of the manometer M. [citation needed]
Mercury or other manometers: used to measure pressure of a fluid within a cavity like the spinal canal, which is raised in certain diseases Electrocardiogra Urinometer Estimation of specific gravity of urine. Esbach's Albuminometer Quantitative analysis of albumin in urine sample.
Current clinical practice guidelines recommend using the fifth Korotkoff sound (but if this is undetectable, using the fourth). [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The time average of the first Korotkoff sound represents a reliable pressure marker of systole of the heart.
Pulse pressure is calculated as the difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure. [3] [4]The systemic pulse pressure is approximately proportional to stroke volume, or the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole (pump action) and inversely proportional to the compliance (similar to elasticity) of the aorta.
A Sengstaken–Blakemore tube is a medical device inserted through the nose or mouth and used occasionally in the management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to esophageal varices (distended and fragile veins in the esophageal wall, usually a result of cirrhosis).