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The sum activity of peripheral deiodinases (G D, also referred to as deiodination capacity, total deiodinase activity or, if calculated from levels of thyroid hormones, as SPINA-GD [a]) is the maximum amount of triiodothyronine produced per time-unit under conditions of substrate saturation. [1]
Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4). [5] [8] It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as myxedema coma. [5]
Thyroxine, also known as T 4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland.It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T 3). [1]
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.
In starvation or severe somatic stress, deiodinase type 1 is inhibited which lowers circulating levels of T 3 (due to it being the main source of peripherally converted T 3 from T 4 in the plasma), causing a decrease in the metabolic rate. [3]
When pregnant, a woman with a low-functioning thyroid will also need to increase her dosage of thyroid hormone. [16] One exception is that thyroid hormones may aggravate heart conditions, especially in older patients; therefore, doctors may start these patients on a lower dose and work up to a larger one to avoid risk of heart attack. [17]
As a measure of deiodination, the production of radioactive iodine and other physiological metabolites, in particular T 3 or reverse T 3, are determined and expressed (e.g. as fmol/mg protein/minute). [24] [25] In vivo, deiodination activity is estimated from equilibrium levels of free T 3 and free T 4.
Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control [1] wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional.