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The hip bone (os coxae, innominate bone, pelvic bone [1] [2] or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. In some vertebrates (including humans before puberty ) it is composed of three parts: the ilium , ischium , and the pubis .
In vertebrate anatomy, the hip, or coxa [1] (pl.: coxae) in medical terminology, refers to either an anatomical region or a joint on the outer (lateral) side of the pelvis.. The hip region is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region, inferior to the iliac crest, and lateral to the obturator foramen, with muscle tendons and soft tissues overlying the greater trochanter of the femur. [2]
There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum.
The ischium (/ ˈ ɪ s k i. ə m /; [1] pl.: ischia) forms the lower and back region of the hip bone (os coxae). Situated below the ilium and behind the pubis, it is one of three regions whose fusion creates the coxal bone. The superior portion of this region forms approximately one-third of the acetabulum.
The same human pelvis, front imaged by X-ray (top), magnetic resonance imaging (middle), and 3-dimensional computed tomography (bottom). The pelvis (pl.: pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of an anatomical trunk, [1] between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton [2] (sometimes also called bony pelvis or pelvic skeleton).
The ilium (/ ˈ ɪ l i ə m /) (pl.: ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium.
Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones except clavicle) but some irregular bones such as the os coxae (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers. A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared – most of which appear during the ...
Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. This results in the leg being shortened and the development of a limp. It may be congenital and is commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture.