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Uncertainty in the star's surface temperature, diameter, and distance make it difficult to achieve a precise measurement of Betelgeuse's luminosity, but research from 2012 quotes a luminosity of around 126,000 L ☉, assuming a distance of 200 pc. [142] Studies since 2001 report effective temperatures ranging from 3,250 to 3,690 K.
This visual companion is designated as component C (Rigel C), with a measured separation from component B that varies from less than 0.1″ to around 0.3″. [8] [65] In 2009, speckle interferometry showed the two almost identical components separated by 0.124″, [66] with visual magnitudes of 7.5 and 7.6, respectively. [8]
Red supergiants develop deep convection zones reaching from the surface over halfway to the core and these cause strong enrichment of nitrogen at the surface, with some enrichment of heavier elements. [26] Some red supergiants undergo blue loops where they temporarily increase in temperature before returning to the red supergiant state. This ...
Earlier observations found that, if placed at the center of our solar system, the massive star Betelgeuse would stretch out beyond the orbit of Jupiter. This new study finds its body would only ...
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Their orbit is moderately eccentric, as it has an eccentricity of almost 0.52; [5] their closest approach or periastron is 11.2 AU (1.68 × 10 ^ 9 km), or about the distance between the Sun and Saturn; and their furthest separation or apastron is 35.6 AU (5.33 × 10 ^ 9 km), about the distance between the Sun and Pluto. [16]
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[13] [14] Similarly, Earth has an effective temperature of 255 K (−18 °C; −1 °F), [14] but a surface temperature of about 288 K (15 °C; 59 °F) [15] due to the greenhouse effect in our lower atmosphere. [5] [4] The surface temperatures of such planets are more accurately estimated by modeling thermal radiation transport through the ...