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Iron oxide adsorption is a water treatment process that is used to remove arsenic from drinking water. Arsenic is a common natural contaminant of well water and is highly carcinogenic. Iron oxide adsorption treatment for arsenic in groundwater is a commonly practiced removal process which involves the chemical treatment of arsenic species such ...
The proper arsenic MCL continues to be debated. Some have argued that the 10 ppb federal standard is still too high, while others have argued that 10 ppb is needlessly strict. Individual states can establish lower arsenic limits; New Jersey has done so, setting a maximum of 0.005 mg/L (5 ppb) for arsenic in drinking water. [29]
The most common test (and used even today in water test kits) was discovered by Samuel Hahnemann. It would involve combining a sample fluid with hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl). A yellow precipitate, arsenic trisulfide (As 2 S 3) would be formed if arsenic was present. [6]
It can also be prepared by chlorination of arsenic at 80–85 °C, but this method requires elemental arsenic. [4] 2 As + 3 Cl 2 → 2 AsCl 3. Arsenic trichloride can be prepared by the reaction of arsenic oxide and sulfur monochloride. This method requires simple apparatus and proceeds efficiently: [8] 2 As 2 O 3 + 6 S 2 Cl 2 → 4 AsCl 3 + 3 ...
Bioremediation of ground water contaminated with arsenic aims to convert arsenite, the toxic form of arsenic to humans, to arsenate. Arsenate (+5 oxidation state) is the dominant form of arsenic in surface water, while arsenite (+3 oxidation state) is the dominant form in hypoxic to anoxic environments.
Arsenic forms colorless, odorless, crystalline oxides As 2 O 3 ("white arsenic") and As 2 O 5 which are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water to form acidic solutions. Arsenic(V) acid is a weak acid and the salts are called arsenates, [5] the most common arsenic contamination of groundwater, and a problem that affects
Arsenic can enter groundwater due to naturally occurring arsenic at deeper levels or from mine workings. Arsenic(III) can be removed from water by a number of methods, oxidation of As III to As V for example with chlorine followed by coagulation with for example iron(III) sulfate. Other methods include ion-exchange and filtration.
"Arsenic in Drinking Water", Some Drinking-water Disinfectants and Contaminants, including Arsenic (PDF), IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 84, Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2004, pp. 39– 267, ISBN 92-832-1284-3