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He pursued the application of this discovery and perfected the first cloud chamber in 1911. In Wilson's original chamber, the air inside the sealed device was saturated with water vapor, then a diaphragm was used to expand the air inside the chamber ( adiabatic expansion), cooling the air and starting to condense water vapor.
The original cloud chamber of C.T.R. Wilson Wilson's Cloud Chamber at AEC's Brookhaven National Laboratory. For the invention of the cloud chamber he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927. [7] [5] He shared this prize with the American physicist Arthur Compton, rewarded for his work on the particle nature of radiation. [19]
Neddermeyer contributed to the research which led to the 1932 discovery of the positron, [1] for which Anderson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936. [5] That year, Neddermeyer and Anderson discovered the muon, using cloud chamber measurements of cosmic rays.
1932 Antielectron (or positron), the first antiparticle, discovered by Carl D. Anderson [13] (proposed by Paul Dirac in 1927 and by Ettore Majorana in 1928) : 1937 Muon (or mu lepton) discovered by Seth Neddermeyer, Carl D. Anderson, J.C. Street, and E.C. Stevenson, using cloud chamber measurements of cosmic rays [14] (it was mistaken for the pion until 1947 [15])
Anderson was born in New York City, the son of Swedish immigrants.He studied physics and engineering at Caltech (B.S., 1927; Ph.D., 1930).Under the supervision of Robert A. Millikan, he began investigations into cosmic rays during the course of which he encountered unexpected particle tracks in his (modern versions now commonly referred to as an Anderson) cloud chamber photographs that he ...
Several important early physics discoveries were made here, including the discovery of the electron by J.J. Thomson (1897) the Townsend discharge by John Sealy Townsend, and the development of the cloud chamber by C.T.R. Wilson. Ernest Rutherford became Director of the Cavendish Laboratory in 1919.
In a cloud chamber, particles pass through gas and collide with metal plates that obscure the scientists' view of the event. The cloud chamber also needs time to reset between recording events and cannot keep up with accelerators' rate of particle production. [2]: 31–32 He experimented with using superheated liquid in a glass chamber.
Starting in 1923, Skobeltsyn pioneered the use of the cloud chamber [1] to study the Compton effect. As a result of this work, Skobeltsyn paved the way for Carl David Anderson 's discovery of the positron by two important contributions: by adding a magnetic field to his cloud chamber (in 1925 [ 2 ] ), and by discovering charged particle cosmic ...