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Hallux varus is a clinical condition characterized by medial deviation of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [2] This condition, when acquired by adults, is usually caused by sports injury, surgical overcorrection of hallux valgus, or underlying causes such as arthritides.
Webbed toes is the informal and common name for syndactyly affecting the feet—the fusion of two or more digits of the feet. This is normal in many birds, such as ducks; amphibians, such as frogs; and some mammals, such as kangaroos.
Stage 4 hallux rigidus, also known as end stage hallux rigidus, involves severe loss of range of motion of the big toe joint and cartilage loss. Stage 4 hallux rigidus may be treated via fusion of the joint (arthrodesis) or implant arthroplasty in which both sides of the joint are resurfaced or a hinged implant is used. Fusion of the joint is ...
They are analogous to the knuckles of the hand, and are consequently known as toe knuckles in common speech. They are condyloid joints , meaning that an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) comes close to a shallow cavity (of the proximal phalanges).
In such situations, the toe is strained against the front of the shoe and results in an abnormal twist. [7] Relieving pain, pressure, changing shoe wear or wearing a type of shoe insert is adequate for most people. Gout often presents with pain and tenderness at the base of the big toe. Generally women are more prone to gout after menopause.
A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the MTP joint connecting the big toe to the foot. [2] The big toe often bends towards the other toes and the joint becomes red and painful. [2] The onset of bunions is typically gradual. [2] Complications may include bursitis or arthritis. [2] The exact cause is unclear. [1]
Often, the injury occurs when someone or something falls on the back of the calf while that leg's knee and tips of the toes are touching the ground. The toe is hyperextended and thus the joint is injured. Additionally, athletic shoes with very flexible soles combined with cleats that "grab" the turf will cause overextension of the big toe.
Five types [4] of syndactyly have been identified in humans. The corresponding loci associated with these types and their common phenotypical expression are as follows: . type I: 2q34-q36; [5] webbing occurs between middle and ring fingers and/or second and third toes.