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The only F-clef still in use is the bass clef, with the clef placed on the fourth line. Since it is the only F-clef commonly encountered, the terms "F-clef" and "bass clef" are often regarded as synonymous. Bass clef is used for the cello, double bass and bass guitar, bassoon and contrabassoon, bass recorder, trombone, tuba, and timpani.
In Western musical notation, a key signature is a set of sharp (♯), flat (♭), or rarely, natural (♮) symbols placed on the staff at the beginning of a section of music. . The initial key signature in a piece is placed immediately after the clef at the beginning of the first l
When placed there, the clef is called alto clef, mainly used for the viola but sometimes used for other instruments. The second illustration shows the clef centered on the fourth line—called tenor clef. Tenor clef is used for bassoon, cello, trombone, and double bass when the notes get very high, avoiding the use of excessive ledger lines.
Some instruments, such as piano and pipe organ, regularly use both treble and bass clefs. Following the clef, the key signature is a group of 0 to 7 sharp or flat signs placed on the staff to indicate the key of the piece or song by specifying that certain notes are sharp or flat throughout the piece, unless otherwise indicated with accidentals ...
Non-pitched percussion notation on a conventional staff once commonly employed the bass clef, but the neutral clef (or "percussion clef"), consisting of two parallel vertical lines, is usually preferred now. It is usual to label each instrument and technique the first time it is introduced, or to add an explanatory footnote, to clarify this.
In the treble, alto, and bass clefs, the G ♯ in the key signature is placed higher than C ♯. However, in the tenor clef , it would require a ledger line and so G ♯ is placed lower than C ♯ .
Tuba in E-flat (written at concert pitch when using the bass clef, only transposing when written in treble clef) Circular altohorn (Koenig horn) pitched in E ♭ Tenor cornet; Mellophone; Alto trombone; Vocal horn (cornet with an upward-facing bell) Duplex horn (Gemelli) pitched in E ♭ Tenor horn (with a forward-facing bell)
More often, pieces in a minor mode that have A-flat's pitch as tonic are notated in the enharmonic key, G-sharp minor, because that key has just five sharps as opposed to the seven flats of A-flat minor. In some scores, the A-flat minor key signature in the bass clef is written with the flat for the F on the second line from the top. [nb 1]