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The Wright Flyer (also known as the Kitty Hawk, [3] [4] Flyer I or the 1903 Flyer) made the first sustained flight by a manned heavier-than-air powered and controlled aircraft on December 17, 1903. [1] Invented and flown by brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright, it marked the beginning of the pioneer era of aviation.
Because December 13, 1903, was a Sunday, the brothers did not make any attempts that day, even though the weather was good, so their first powered test flight happened on the 121st anniversary of the first hot air balloon test flight that the Montgolfier brothers had made on December 14, 1782. In a message to their family, Wilbur referred to ...
The flight was officially observed and verified by the Aéro-Club (later renamed the Aéro-Club de France). This won Santos-Dumont the Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize for the first officially-observed flight of more than 25 meters. Aviation historians generally recognise it as the first powered flight in Europe.
They conducted several tests, but Orville made the first flight at 10:35 a.m., lasting 12 seconds and traveling 120 feet. Wilbur flew it the longest that day for 59 seconds and across 852 feet.
First controlled, sustained flight in a powered airplane: was made by Orville Wright in the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903, covering 37 m (120 ft). [ 41 ] First circular flight by a powered airplane : was made by Wilbur Wright who flew 1,240 m (4,080 ft) in about a minute and a half on September 20, 1904.
Another advancement was made in 1884, when the first fully controllable free-flight was made in a French Army electric-powered airship, La France, by Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs. The 170-foot (52 m) long, 66,000-cubic-foot (1,900 m 3 ) airship covered 8 km (5.0 mi) in 23 minutes with the aid of an 8½ horsepower electric motor.
His flight was the first made by a powered heavier-than-air machine to be verified by the Aéro-Club de France, and won the Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize for the first officially observed flight of more than 25 metres (82 ft). It later set the first world record recognized by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale by flying 220 metres (720 ft ...
In 1906, the Brazilian Alberto Santos-Dumont made what was claimed to be the first airplane flight unassisted by catapult [32] and set the first world record recognized by the Aéro-Club de France by flying 220 meters (720 ft) in less than 22 seconds. [33] This flight was also certified by the FAI. [34] [35]