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In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in plaque on the teeth . This process of precipitation kills the bacterial cells within dental plaque, but the rough and hardened surface that is formed provides an ideal surface for ...
Potassium bitartrate, also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate, with formula K C 4 H 5 O 6, is a chemical compound with a number of uses. It is the potassium acid salt of tartaric acid (a carboxylic acid). Especially in cooking, it is also known as cream of tartar.
A tartrate is a salt or ester of the organic compound tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid.The formula of the tartrate dianion is O − OC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COO − or C 4 H 4 O 6 2−. [1]The main forms of tartrates used commercially are pure crystalline tartaric acid used as an acidulant in non-alcoholic drinks and foods, cream of tartar used in baking, and Rochelle salt, commonly used in ...
The starting material is tartar with a minimum 68% tartaric acid content. This is first dissolved in water or in the mother liquor of a previous batch. It is then basified with hot saturated sodium hydroxide solution to pH 8, decolorized with activated charcoal, and chemically purified before being filtered.
The perception of tooth colour is multi-factorial. Reflection and absorption of light by the tooth can be influenced by a number of factors including specular transmission of light through the tooth; specular reflection at the surface; diffuse light reflection at the surface; absorption and scattering of light within the dental tissues; enamel mineral content; enamel thickness; dentine colour ...
The composition of hand instruments is continuously evolving, which is why it may be a challenge to find the proper instrument for the right clinical situation. [3] With the broad variation of instrument designs and materials, it allows dental professionals to implement periodontal therapy with reduced strain and increased comfort levels for both the clinician and the patient. [3]
Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados, and citrus. [1] Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation.
Antimony potassium tartrate, also known as potassium antimonyl tartrate, potassium antimontarterate, or tartar emetic, [3] has the formula K 2 Sb 2 (C 4 H 2 O 6) 2. The compound has long been known as a powerful emetic, and was used in the treatment of schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis. It is used as a resolving agent. It typically is obtained ...