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  2. Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzan_v._Director...

    In a 5–4 decision, the Court affirmed the earlier ruling of the Supreme Court of Missouri and ruled in favor of the State of Missouri, finding it was acceptable to require "clear and convincing evidence" of a patient's wishes for removal of life support. A significant outcome of the case was the creation of advance health directives.

  3. Patient Self-Determination Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_Self-Determination_Act

    The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) was passed by the United States Congress in 1990 as an amendment to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990.Effective on December 1, 1991, this legislation required many hospitals, nursing homes, home health agencies, hospice providers, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and other health care institutions to provide information about ...

  4. Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician_Orders_for_Life...

    [24] [4] Competent individuals above 18 years of age can fill out an advance directive. [4] An advance directive allows an individual to state what treatments he or she would want in a medical crisis, but it is not a medical order. [4] Advance directives are not portable in a sense that it is not accessible across medical systems, so it is the ...

  5. Karen Ann Quinlan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Ann_Quinlan

    Eventually a court ruled that the ventilator could be withdrawn. However, she continued to breathe on her own. She survived another nine years in a persistent vegetative state. Quinlan's case continues to raise important questions in moral theology, bioethics, euthanasia, legal guardianship and civil rights. Her case has affected the practice ...

  6. Death of Marlise Muñoz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Marlise_Muñoz

    Marlise, a paramedic like her husband, had previously told him that in case of brain death, she would not want to be kept alive artificially. [3] With the court case ongoing and the fetus at 22 weeks, the Muñoz family publicly shared medical information about the fetus: it was severely deformed and ill, as it was gestating in a dead body.

  7. Advance healthcare directive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_healthcare_directive

    An advance healthcare directive, also known as living will, personal directive, advance directive, medical directive or advance decision, is a legal document in which a person specifies what actions should be taken for their health if they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves because of illness or incapacity. In the U.S. it has a ...