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E. coli on EMB agar. Eosin methylene blue (EMB, also known as "Levine's formulation") is a selective and differential media used for the identification of Gram-negative bacteria, [1] specifically the Enterobacteriaceae. EMB inhibits the growth of most Gram-positive bacteria. EMB is often used to confirm the presence of coliforms in a sample.
Cetrimide also enhances the production of Pseudomonas pigments such as pyocyanin and pyoverdine, which show a characteristic blue-green and yellow-green colour, respectively. [3] [4] Cetrimide agar is widely used in the examination of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and clinical specimens to test for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [1]
The following known results can be used to validate the proper composition of the medium: [1] Escherichia coli – ferments mannite, motile; Klebsiella sp. – ferments mannite, non-motile; Pseudomonas aeruginosa – does not ferment mannite, motile
Note: + = Positive, - =Negative P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, aerobic (and at times facultatively anaerobic), rod-shaped bacterium with unipolar motility. [80] It has been identified as an opportunistic pathogen of both humans and plants. [81] P. aeruginosa is the type species of the genus Pseudomonas. [82]
Colonial morphology of various specimens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including mucoid types. In microbiology, colonial morphology refers to the visual appearance of bacterial or fungal colonies on an agar plate. Examining colonial morphology is the first step in the identification of an unknown microbe.
Agar plates may also be indicator plates, in which the organisms are not selected based on growth, but are instead distinguished by a color change in some colonies, typically caused by the action of an enzyme on some compound added to the medium. [6] The plates are incubated for 12 hours up to several days, depending on the test that is performed.
[1] [9] The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests performed during a given time period can be compiled, usually in the form of a table, to form an antibiogram. [31] [32] Antibiograms help the clinician to select the best empiric antimicrobial therapy based on the local resistance patterns until the laboratory test results are available ...
Koser’s agar, developed by Stewart A. Koser in 1923, is a clear, colorless agar that allows the observation of bacterial growth by turbidity. [6] With a colorless agar, misinterpreting negative results as positives is more common, which can be reduced by Simmons’ modification of adding bromothymol blue.