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A wooden tripod holding an optical level is set up firmly on the ground. Levelling or leveling (American English; see spelling differences) is a branch of surveying, the object of which is to establish or verify or measure the height of specified points relative to a datum.
Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. Grading in civil engineering and landscape architectural construction is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specified slope, [1] for a construction work such as a foundation, the base course for a road or a railway, or landscape and garden improvements, or surface drainage.
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, ... When precise leveling, a series of measurements between two points are taken using an instrument and a measuring rod ...
Common levelling instruments include the spirit level, the dumpy level, the digital level, and the laser level. Levelling staff – specialized measuring stick or vertical staff used with the dumpy level, held by a second person while the operator of the level looks through it and takes readings off of the staff. Also call a rod.
The Y level or wye level is the oldest and bulkiest of the older style optical instruments. A low-powered telescope is placed in a pair of clamp mounts, and the instrument then leveled using a spirit level, which is mounted parallel to the main telescope. The term dumpy level (also builder's level) endures despite the evolution in design. They ...
An Ordnance Survey cut mark in the UK Occasionally a non-vertical face, and a slightly different mark, was used. The term benchmark, bench mark, or survey benchmark originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately ...
Land levelling, the process of flattening land; Leveling effect, a concept in acid–base chemistry; Levelling up policy of the Boris Johnson government, a public policy of the British government; Leveling (philosophy), an existential process which leads to a loss of individuality; Production leveling, a technique for reducing the mura waste
A twin engined Terex TS-14b scraper in Hudson, Ohio. In civil engineering, a wheel tractor-scraper (also known as a land scraper, land leveler or tournapull) is a type of heavy equipment used for earthmoving.