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The Lund and Browder chart is a tool useful in the management of burns for estimating the total body surface area affected. It was created by Dr. Charles Lund, Senior Surgeon at Boston City Hospital , and Dr. Newton Browder, based on their experiences in treating over 300 burn victims injured at the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston in 1942.
Holtain skinfold calipers are marked with 0.2 mm gradation, and Lange calipers with 0.5 mm gradation. [3] [4] The measurement is taken with the person standing upright, with arms hanging down loosely. The skin fold is pulled away from the muscle and measured with the calipers, taking a reading 4 seconds after the calipers have been released.
In burn cases that involve partial body areas, or when dermatologists are evaluating the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, the patient's palm can serve a reference point roughly equivalent to 1% of the body surface area. For children and infants, the Lund and Browder chart is used to assess
The Wallace rule of nines is a tool used in pre-hospital and emergency medicine to estimate the total body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn.In addition to determining burn severity, the measurement of burn surface area is important for estimating patients' fluid requirements and determining hospital admission criteria.
The SCORTEN scale (SCORe of Toxic Epidermal Necrosis) is a severity-of-illness scale with which the severity of certain bullous conditions can be systematically determined. It was originally developed for toxic epidermal necrolysis , [ 1 ] but can be used with burn victims, sufferers of Stevens–Johnson syndrome , cutaneous drug reactions, or ...
Skin colors according to von Luschan's chromatic scale. Von Luschan's chromatic scale (VLS) is a method of classifying skin color. It is also called the von Luschan scale or von Luschan's scale. It is named after its inventor, Felix von Luschan. The equipment consisted of 36 opaque glass tiles which were compared to the subject's skin, ideally ...
The Monk scale includes 10 skin tones. Though other scales (such as those used by cosmetics companies) may include many more shades, [6] Monk claims that 10 tones balances diversity with ease of use, and can be used more consistently across different users than a scale with more tones:
The Fitzpatrick scale has been criticized for its Eurocentric bias and insufficient representation of global skin color diversity. [9] The scale originally was developed for classifying "white skin" in response to solar radiation, [2] and initially included only four categories focused on white skin, with "brown" and "black" skin types (V and VI) added as an afterthought.