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Graphite (/ ˈ ɡ r æ f aɪ t /) is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in the excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.
Graphitization can be observed in various contexts. For example, it occurs naturally during the formation of certain types of coal or graphite in the Earth's crust.It can also be artificially induced during the manufacture of specific carbon materials, such as graphite electrodes used in fuel cells, nuclear reactors or metallurgical applications.
Earth Day is on April 22, but really, it should be every day—saving the planet should be a daily occurrence! From conservation to wildlife to politics, test your environmental and historical ...
Beryllium was named after the mineral beryl, whose name may have come from Belur, a city in Karnataka state of India. [18] [19] Indium gets its name from the indigo color seen in its spectrum, the Latin indicum meaning "of India", which makes it indirectly named after India. [20] Americium was named after the Americas. [21] [22] Europium was ...
The Earth's crust is one "reservoir" for measurements of abundance. A reservoir is any large body to be studied as unit, like the ocean, atmosphere, mantle or crust. Different reservoirs may have different relative amounts of each element due to different chemical or mechanical processes involved in the creation of the reservoir.
It was discovered in shock-fused graphite gneiss from the Ries crater in Bavaria. It has been described as slightly harder than graphite, with a reflection colour of grey to white. [ 5 ] From its electron diffraction pattern, the mineral has been considered to have a carbyne structure, [ 6 ] the linear acetylenic carbon allotrope of carbon.
Evidence of possibly the oldest forms of life on Earth has been found in hydrothermal vent precipitates. [1]The earliest known life forms on Earth may be as old as 4.1 billion years (or Ga) according to biologically fractionated graphite inside a single zircon grain in the Jack Hills range of Australia. [2]
On the Earth's surface, graphite is the stable carbon mineral, while larger diamonds can only be formed in the kind of temperatures and pressures that are found deep in the mantle. However, nanodiamonds are close to molecular size: one with a diameter of 2.8 nm, the median size, contains about 1800 carbon atoms. [5]