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Reactive oxygen species are present in low concentrations in seawater and are produced primarily through the photolysis of organic and inorganic matter. [12] However, the biological production of ROS, generated through algal photosynthesis and subsequently 'leaked' to the environment, can contribute significantly to concentrations in the water ...
Algae tend to grow very quickly under high nutrient availability, but each alga is short-lived, and the result is a high concentration of dead organic matter which starts to decompose. Natural decomposers present in the water begin decomposing the dead algae, consuming dissolved oxygen present in the water during the process.
Algae have photosynthetic machinery ultimately derived from cyanobacteria that produce oxygen as a byproduct of splitting water molecules, unlike other organisms that conduct anoxygenic photosynthesis such as purple and green sulfur bacteria. Fossilized filamentous algae from the Vindhya basin have been dated to 1.6 to 1.7 billion years ago. [11]
In general, photosynthesis in cyanobacteria uses water as an electron donor and produces oxygen as a byproduct, though some may also use hydrogen sulfide [83] a process which occurs among other photosynthetic bacteria such as the purple sulfur bacteria. Carbon dioxide is reduced to form carbohydrates via the Calvin cycle. [84]
The ocean produces about half of the world's oxygen and stores 50 times more carbon dioxide than the atmosphere. [17] Prochlorococcus, an influential bacterium which produces much of the world's oxygen. Among the phytoplankton are members from a phylum of bacteria called cyanobacteria. Marine cyanobacteria include the smallest known ...
A deep-water oxygenation system could be in the cards for Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey's largest lake, as stakeholders seek to stifle the kind of harmful algal blooms that effectively closed it in 2019.
Cloudy water can be a warning that there are more germs in the water than normal. Discolored or smelly water could mean there is a harmful algal bloom in the water.
Under pulse-illumination conditions, algae produce H 2 via the most efficient mechanism of direct water biophotolysis, [49] proceeding in two distinct steps: 1. Photosystem II-dependent water oxidation reaction: 2H 2 O → 4H + + O 2 + 4e⁻; 2. Hydrogenase-dependent reversible reduction of protons to molecular hydrogen: 4H + + 4e⁻ ⇄ 2H 2.