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This bibliography of biology is a list of notable works, organized by subdiscipline, on the subject of biology. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms , including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. [ 3 ]
The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
The structure and contents of the Manusmriti suggest it to be a document predominantly targeted at the Brahmins (priestly class) and the Kshatriyas (king, administration and warrior class). [32] The text dedicates 1,034 verses, the largest portion, on laws for and expected virtues of Brahmins, and 971 verses for Kshatriyas. [ 33 ]
1250 BC—Traditional date of the beginning of the Trojan War. c. 1250 BC —Wu Ding, king of the Shang dynasty, and earliest archaeologically confirmed Chinese monarch begins his reign. c. 1250 BC —Earliest surviving writing from Ancient China. c. 1250 BC —Chariots appear in Ancient China. c. 1250 BC —Lion Gate, Mycenae, Greece, are made ...
His formal test favoured the existence of a universal common ancestry over a wide class of alternative hypotheses that included horizontal gene transfer. Basic biochemical principles imply that all organisms do have a common ancestry. [71] A proposed, earlier, non-cellular ancestor to LUCA is the First universal common ancestor (FUCA).