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The Sokoto Caliphate (Arabic: دولة الخلافة في بلاد السودان), also known as the Sultanate of Sokoto, [2] was a Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa. It was founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804 during the Fulani jihads after defeating the Hausa Kingdoms in the Fulani War .
The Sokoto Caliphate was a loose confederation of emirates that recognized the suzerainty of the Amir al-Mu'minin. [1] The caliphate was established in 1809 and later became the largest pre-colonial African state. [2] The boundaries of the caliphate are part of present-day Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria. [3]
Map of the Sokoto Caliphate. In 1867, following the death of Caliph Ali Karami (r. 1866–1867), a succession dispute emerged in Sokoto. The two contenders for the position were Ahmad al-Rufa’i, a son of Usman dan Fodio, and Abubakar Atiku, a son of Muhammad Bello. Hayatu recommended Rufa’i, arguing his greater qualification as a son of ...
Preceded by the Sokoto Caliphate, the council was formed in 1903 after the British pacification of the caliphate. [1] The Sultan of Sokoto serves as the supreme spiritual leader of Muslims in Nigeria and the grand Sheik of the Qadiriyya sufi order in that country. [2] [3] In 2006, Sa'adu Abubakar was crowned the Sultan of Sokoto. [citation needed]
The Battle of Gawakuke was an engagement fought between the Sokoto Caliphate and the Gobir city-state at Gawakuke in northern Nigeria on 9 March 1836. The battle was a victory for Sokoto, and secured the Gobir kingdom's subordination to the caliphate.
The province of Bauchi was conquered between 1809 and 1818 by jihadists inspired by Usman dan Fodio's jihad in Sokoto and were led by a Hausa Islamic scholar, Yakubu. Yakubu was the only definite non-Fulani ruler in the Sokoto Caliphate. He was a student of Usman dan Fodio prior to the start of the jihad. [2] [3]
In 1810, the Sokoto Caliphate rose and conquered the Hausa, creating a more centralized state. It and Kanem-Bornu would continue to exist. It and Kanem-Bornu would continue to exist. Maps
Wurno was founded in 1830 by Muhammad Bello, Caliph of the Sokoto Caliphate (r. 1817–1837). It was established as a ribat (fort) to defend Sokoto from the northeast, serving as Bello's principal ribat and residence in the area. Wurno was the staging point for the annual dry-season campaigns against the Gobirawa and other enemies of the ...