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The cause in children is typically unknown; in adults a lead point is sometimes present. [1] Risk factors in children include certain infections, diseases like cystic fibrosis, and intestinal polyps. [1] Risk factors in adults include endometriosis, bowel adhesions, and intestinal tumors. [1] Diagnosis is often supported by medical imaging. [1]
Bleeding of the diverticulum is most common in young children, especially in males who are less than 2 years of age. [10] Symptoms may include bright red blood in stools (hematochezia), weakness, abdominal tenderness or pain, and even anaemia in some cases. [11] Bleeding may be caused by: Ectopic gastric or pancreatic mucosa:
A mucous rectal discharge may be blood-streaked. With some conditions, the blood can be homogenously mixed with the mucus, creating a pink goo. An example of this could be the so-called "red currant jelly" stools in intussusception. This appearance refers to the mixture of sloughed mucosa, mucus, and blood. [12]
[2] [6] Newborns and infants may normally have soft and frequent stools; however, any noticeable changes in stool frequency or form (i.e. watery) can indicate toddler's diarrhea. [7] Other symptoms may include chills, fever, abdominal pain or cramping, nausea, and/or vomiting. [6] Undigested food and/or mucus may also be observed in stools. [8]
Infection of a diverticulum often occurs as a result of stool collecting in a diverticulum. Diverticulitis is defined as diverticular disease with signs and symptoms of diverticular inflammation. Clinical features of acute diverticulitis include constant abdominal pain, localized abdominal tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen ...
The most commonly affected part of the intestines in adults is the sigmoid colon with the cecum being second most affected. [1] In children the small intestine is more often involved. [5] The stomach can also be affected. [6] Diagnosis is typically with medical imaging such as plain X-rays, a GI series, or CT scan. [1]
A fecal impaction or an impacted bowel is a solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation [1] (a related term is fecal loading which refers to a large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency). [2]
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [1] [3] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [1]