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The severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described by six stages; the most severe three are defined by the MDRD-eGFR value, and first three also depend on whether there is other evidence of kidney disease (e.g., proteinuria): 0) Normal kidney function – GFR above 90 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) and no proteinuria
SBP ≥130 and CVD risk factors, diabetes or CKD: Two from different classes: thiazide-type diuretic, ACEI/ARB, and/or CCB SBP ≥130 and previous CVD: Two from different classes: thiazide-type diuretic, ACEI/ARB, and/or CCB KDIGO 2021 [7] CKD. with kidney transplant <120 SBP <130/80 CKD: ACEI/ARB Kidney transplant: ARB or CCB ISH 2020 [8 ...
On the other hand, CKD-MBD is defined as a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination of: 1) abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, or vitamin D metabolism; 2) abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth, or strength (renal osteodystrophy); and
All people with a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for 3 months are defined as having chronic kidney disease. [59] Protein in the urine is regarded as an independent marker for worsening of kidney function and cardiovascular disease. Hence, British guidelines append the letter "P" to the stage of chronic kidney disease if protein loss is significant. [60]
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the volume of fluid filtered from the renal (kidney) glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time. [4] Central to the physiologic maintenance of GFR is the differential basal tone of the afferent (input) and efferent (output) arterioles (see diagram).
CKD–MBD broadens the "old" concept of "renal osteodystrophy", which now should be restricted to describing the bone pathology associated with CKD. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Thus, renal osteodystrophy is currently considered one measure of the skeletal component of the systemic disorder of CKD–MBD that is quantifiable by histomorphometry of bone biopsy.