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Demeclocycline is officially indicated for the treatment of various types of bacterial infections. [3] It is used as an antibiotic in the treatment of Lyme disease, [4] acne, [5] and bronchitis. [6] Resistance, though, is gradually becoming more common, [7] and demeclocycline is now rarely used for treatment of infections. [8] [9]
Demeclocycline can be used in chronic situations when fluid restrictions are difficult to maintain; demeclocycline is the most potent inhibitor of Vasopressin (ADH/AVP) action. However, demeclocycline has a 2–3 day delay in onset with extensive side effect profile, including skin photosensitivity, and nephrotoxicity. [19]
Increased urination is a commonly reported side effect, particularly during the initial phase following treatment initiation; this is mostly transient and tends to reduce with sustained treatment. Common side effects for antimineralocorticoid medications include nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhoea. [4]
Demeclocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, which is effective due to the side effect of inducing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. [ 30 ] [ 36 ] Demeclocycline is used for cases of psychogenic polydipsia, including those with nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting).
These electrolytes must be replaced to keep the electrolyte concentrations of the body fluids constant. Hyponatremia, or low sodium, is the most commonly seen type of electrolyte imbalance. [12] [13] Treatment of electrolyte imbalance depends on the specific electrolyte involved and whether the levels are too high or too low. [3]
The "vaptan" drugs act by directly blocking the action of vasopressin at its receptors (V 1A, V 1B and V 2).These receptors have a variety of functions, with the V 1A and V 2 receptors are expressed peripherally and involved in the modulation of blood pressure and kidney function respectively, while the V 1A and V 1B receptors are expressed in the central nervous system.
Tea and toast syndrome is a form of malnutrition commonly experienced by elderly people who cannot prepare meals and tend to themselves. The term is not intrinsic to tea or bread products only; rather, it describes limited dietary patterns that lead to reduced calories resulting in a deficiency of vitamins and other nutrients.
Such agents can be used to reduce intracranial pressure and to promote prompt removal of renal toxins. The prototypical osmotic diuretic is mannitol. [5] Mannitol lowers the intra cranial pressure through two effects in the brain. The first, rheological effect, reduces blood viscosity, and promotes plasma expansion and cerebral oxygen delivery.