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Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are insects with an incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolous). The aquatic larva or nymph hatches from an egg, and develops through eight to seventeen instars before leaving the water and emerging as the winged adult or imago. [1]
A dragonfly in its final moult, undergoing metamorphosis, it begins transforming from its nymph form to an adult. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. [1]
Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphosis, is a form of insect development which includes four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and imago (or adult). Holometabolism is a synapomorphic trait of all insects in the clade Holometabola. Immature stages of holometabolous insects are very different from the mature stage.
Life-cycle of butterfly, undergoing complete metamorphosis from egg through caterpillar larvae to pupa and adult. Holometabolism, or complete metamorphosis, is where the insect changes in four stages, an egg or embryo, a larva, a pupa and the adult or imago. In these species, an egg hatches to produce a larva, which is generally worm-like in form.
Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called partial metamorphosis and paurometabolism, [1] is the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago.
The metamorphosis is largely incomplete and can take up to 3 years. [17] [4] Incorrect husbandry practices are a source of stress in achoques in captivity and may be another driving factor in spontaneous metamorphosis. [16] Metamorphosed specimen do not undergo periodic molting, but rather continuously shed the stratum corneum.
Pupal and adult tissues form from imaginal cells. Clonal analysis and fate mapping of single, identified cells show that tracheal system remodeling at metamorphosis involves a classical imaginal cell population and a population of differentiated, functional larval tracheal cells that reenter the cell cycle and regain developmental potency.
During winter, individuals remain in diapause, in their pharate or prepupal stage. This diapause stage continues until metamorphosis in the next spring or summer, whereupon the bees emerge as adults. [4] Another example of a bivoltine species is Cyclosa turbinata which is known to reproduce once in the late spring and once again in the fall.