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Non-fungible items are not substitutable in the same manner. Goods that are fungible are treated as commodities, and markets in commodities are active and liquid because of their fungibility. For example, gold is generally fungible because its value does not depend on any specific form, whether of coins, ingots, or other states. However, a ...
Many aquatic animals have developed gills for respiration which are specifically adapted to their function. In fish, for example, they have: A large surface area to allow as much oxygen to enter the gills as possible because more of the gas comes into contact with the membrane; Good blood supply to maintain the concentration gradient needed
Henneguya zschokkei is found in fish as an ovoid spore with two anterior polar capsules and two long caudal appendages. [6] Individuals are very small (about 10 micrometers in diameter), [7] but are found aggregated into cysts 3–6 mm in diameter at any place in the animal's musculature.
The word oxygen in the literature typically refers to molecular oxygen (O 2) since it is the common product or reactant of many biogeochemical redox reactions within the cycle. [37] Processes within the oxygen cycle are considered to be biological or geological and are evaluated as either a source (O 2 production) or sink (O 2 consumption).
In contrast to the cells of prokaryotes, the cells of eukaryotes are highly organised. Plants, animals and fungi are usually multi-celled and are typically macroscopic. Most protists are single-celled and microscopic. But there are exceptions. Some single-celled marine protists are macroscopic.
A fish's hypoxia tolerance can be represented in different ways. A commonly used representation is the critical O 2 tension (P crit), which is the lowest water O 2 tension (P O 2) at which a fish can maintain a stable O 2 consumption rate (M O 2). [2]
Eukaryotes are the more developed life forms known as plants, animals, fungi and protists. The term protist came into use historically as a term of convenience for eukaryotes that cannot be strictly classified as plants, animals or fungi. They are not a part of modern cladistics, because they are paraphyletic (lacking a common ancestor).
An average freediver needs 150ml of oxygen per minute while resting and 200-250ml of oxygen while swimming. Assuming the mammalian diving reflex, some divers can reduce their heartbeat significantly, down to 14 bpm, radically reducing overall body oxygen demands even down to 100ml per minute. The amount of dissolved oxygen in water varies, but ...