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In addition, the dynamics of relations between the political elites in the ruling coalition also influence the interaction between the state and society. Secondly, the theory overlooks the fundamental problem of the state's acquisition of a monopoly on violence (how a coalition that structures the state and society emerges). [5]
John Tilton Hack (1913–1991) was an American geologist and geomorphologist known for his contributions to establish the dynamic equilibrium concept in landscapes. Hack's law , concerning the empirical relationship between the length of streams and the area of their basins , is named after him.
The Big Bang theory, which explains the Evolution of the Universe from a hot and dense state, is widely accepted by physicists. In astronomy, cosmogony is the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used in reference to the origin of the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system.
The theory originally proposed that all atomic nuclei are produced by the successive capture of neutrons, one mass unit at a time. However, later study challenged the universality of the successive-capture theory. No element was found to have a stable isotope with an atomic mass of five or eight.
A number of theories developed regarding state development in Europe. Other theories focused on the creation of states in late colonial and post-colonial societies. [96] The lessons from these studies of the formation of states in the modern period are often used in theories about State-building. Other theories contend that the state in Europe ...
The Kurgan hypothesis (also known as the Kurgan theory, Kurgan model, or steppe theory) is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe and parts of Asia.
Methods of probability theory also apply to descriptions of complex systems given only partial knowledge of their state, as in statistical mechanics or sequential estimation. A great discovery of twentieth-century physics was the probabilistic nature of physical phenomena at atomic scales, described in quantum mechanics. [2]
The tetrahedral hypothesis is an obsolete scientific theory attempting to explain the arrangement of the Earth's continents and oceans by referring to the geometry of a tetrahedron. Although it was a historically interesting theory in the late 19th and early 20th century, it was superseded by the concepts of continental drift and modern plate ...