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Depyrogenation refers to the removal of pyrogens from solutions, most commonly from injectable pharmaceuticals.. A pyrogen is defined as any substance that can cause a fever. . Bacterial pyrogens include endotoxins and exotoxins, although many pyrogens are endogenous to the ho
The optional second step (for bare silicon wafers) is a short immersion in a 1:100 or 1:50 solution of aqueous HF (hydrofluoric acid) at 25 °C for about fifteen seconds, in order to remove the thin oxide layer and some fraction of ionic contaminants. If this step is performed without ultra high purity materials and ultra clean containers, it ...
A mechanical convection oven contains a blower that actively forces heated air throughout all areas of the chamber. The flow created by the blower ensures uniform temperatures and the equal transfer of heat throughout the load.
Microorganisms growing on an agar plate. Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. [1]
Dealkalizing glass containers is accomplished by exposing the glass surface to reactive sulfur- or fluorine-containing compounds during the manufacturing process. A rapid ion-exchange reaction proceeds that depletes the inside surface of alkali, and is performed when the glass is at high temperature, usually on the order of 500–650 °C or ...
If you see estate sale listings with lots of glassware, she says, there's probably a piece or two of uranium glass hiding amongst the others. Whitney Granger’s ring collection. Whitney Granger
Conservation-restoration is the practice of cleaning and discovering the original state of an object, investigating the proper treatments and applying those treatments to restore the object to its original state without permanently altering the object, and then preserving the object to prevent further deterioration for generations to come (Caple, p. 5-6). [1]
Silanization (or siliconization) of glassware is a common application that increases the hydrophobicity of a glass container. Thus treated, the glassware produces a flat meniscus and allowing for more complete transfer of aqueous solutions. [2] [8] Silanization of glassware is used in cell culturing to minimize adherence of cells to flask walls ...