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The Catalan numbers are a sequence of natural numbers that occur in various counting problems, often involving recursively defined objects. They are named after Eugène Catalan, though they were previously discovered in the 1730s by Minggatu. The n-th Catalan number can be expressed directly in terms of the central binomial coefficients by
Whilst the above is a concrete example Catalan numbers, similar problems can be evaluated using Fuss-Catalan formula: Computer Stack : ways of arranging and completing a computer stack of instructions, each time step 1 instruction is processed and p new instructions arrive randomly.
Eugène Charles Catalan (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn ʃaʁl katalɑ̃]; 30 May 1814 – 14 February 1894) [2] was a French and Belgian mathematician who worked on continued fractions, descriptive geometry, number theory and combinatorics.
Substituting k = 1 into this formula gives the Catalan numbers and substituting k = 2 into this formula gives the Schröder–Hipparchus numbers. [7] In connection with the property of Schröder–Hipparchus numbers of counting faces of an associahedron, the number of vertices of the associahedron is given by the Catalan numbers.
Lobb numbers form a natural generalization of the Catalan numbers, which count the complete strings of balanced parentheses of a given length. Thus, the nth Catalan number equals the Lobb number L 0,n. [2] They are named after Andrew Lobb, who used them to give a simple inductive proof of the formula for the n th Catalan number. [3]
A number that has the same number of digits as the number of digits in its prime factorization, including exponents but excluding exponents equal to 1. A046758: Extravagant numbers: 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 34, 36, 38, ... A number that has fewer digits than the number of digits in its prime factorization (including ...
132 is the sixth Catalan number. [1] With twelve divisors total where 12 is one of them, 132 is the 20th refactorable number, preceding the triangular 136. [2]132 is an oblong number, as the product of 11 and 12 [3] whose sum instead yields the 9th prime number 23; [4] on the other hand, 132 is the 99th composite number.
In number theory, Catalan's constant appears in a conjectured formula for the asymptotic number of primes of the form + according to Hardy and Littlewood's Conjecture F. However, it is an unsolved problem (one of Landau's problems ) whether there are even infinitely many primes of this form.