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The World Bank has used the Atlas method [1] since 1993 to estimate the economic size of countries based on their gross national income (GNI) in U.S. dollars. To convert a country's GNI from its local currency to U.S. dollars, the Atlas method uses a conversion factor that averages exchange rates over three years. This helps reduce the impact ...
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Let M be a topological space.A chart (U, φ) on M consists of an open subset U of M, and a homeomorphism φ from U to an open subset of some Euclidean space R n.Somewhat informally, one may refer to a chart φ : U → R n, meaning that the image of φ is an open subset of R n, and that φ is a homeomorphism onto its image; in the usage of some authors, this may instead mean that φ : U → R n ...
In economics, a Swan Diagram, also known as the Australian model (because it was originally published by Australian economist Trevor Swan [1] in 1956 to model the Australian economy during the Great Depression), represents the situation of a country with a currency peg.
In the case of a differentiable manifold, a set of charts called an atlas, whose transition functions (see below) are all differentiable, allows us to do calculus on it. Polar coordinates , for example, form a chart for the plane R 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}} minus the positive x -axis and the origin.
Edgeworth's original two-axis depiction was developed into the now familiar box diagram by Pareto in his 1906 Manual of Political Economy and was popularized in a later exposition by Bowley. The modern version of the diagram is commonly referred to as the Edgeworth–Bowley box. [6]
Three teens face charges after a Marta bus driver, identified as Leroy Ramos, was killed, officials say.
Atlas Mira (Russia, 1937–present) Geographers' A–Z Street Atlas (United Kingdom, 1938–present) Gran Atlas Aguilar (Spain, 1969/1970) Historical Atlas of China (Taiwan, 1980) The Historical Atlas of China (China, 1982) National Geographic Atlas of the World (United States, 1963–present) Pergamon World Atlas (1962/1968)