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Anal cancer is a cancer which arises from the anus, the distal opening of the gastrointestinal tract. [1] Symptoms may include bleeding from the anus or a lump near the anus. [ 1 ] Other symptoms may include pain, itchiness, or discharge from the anus. [ 1 ]
A 2024 systematic review of the literature found that chemoradiation with 5-FU and mitomycin C, as used in the Nigro Protocol, improves outcomes like colostomy-free survival in anal cancer patients compared to alternatives like cisplatin. However, it can lead to more severe side effects, especially blood-related toxicity. [7]
This was higher than previous estimates; 15.2% were infected with one or more of the high-risk types that can cause cancer. [185] [194] The prevalence for high-risk and low-risk types is roughly similar over time. [185] Human papillomavirus is not included among the diseases that are typically reportable to the CDC as of 2011. [195] [196]
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Anal cancer may be a cause of constipation or tenesmus, or may be felt as a palpable mass, although it may occasionally present as an ulcerative form. [15]: 580 Anal cancer is investigated by biopsy and may be treated by surgery and radiotherapy, or with external beam radiotherapy and adjunctive chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate with ...
She officially finished treatment in October 2023, though she still needs another surgery to repair skin that was damaged during radiation. When it was Cowan’s turn to be a cancer caregiver ...
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Hemicorporectomy is a radical surgery in which the body below the waist is amputated, transecting the lumbar spine.This removes the legs, the genitalia (internal and external), urinary system, pelvic bones, anus, and rectum.