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It is an allegory telling of Dante's journey through Heaven, guided by Beatrice, who symbolises theology. In the poem, Paradise is depicted as a series of concentric spheres surrounding the Earth, consisting of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Fixed Stars, the Primum Mobile and finally, the Empyrean. It was written ...
[6]: 203 The planet Venus was believed to be Inanna, the goddess of love, sex, and war. [9]: 108–109 [6]: 203 The Sun was her brother Utu, the god of justice, [6]: 203 and the Moon was their father Nanna. [6]: 203 Ordinary mortals could not go to the heavens because it was the abode of the gods alone. [10]
After an initial ascension, Beatrice guides Dante through the nine celestial spheres of Heaven. These are concentric and spherical, as in Aristotelian and Ptolemaic cosmology. While the structures of the Inferno and Purgatorio were based on different classifications of sin, the structure of the Paradiso is based on the four cardinal virtues and ...
The concept of three worlds has a number of different interpretations in Hindu cosmology. Traditionally, the three worlds refer to either the earth , heaven , and hell , [5] or the earth (Bhuloka), heaven (Svarga), and the netherworld . [6]
Probably originally referring to the Greek daimons of the planets, in Gnosticism they became the demonic rulers of the material world, each associated with a different celestial sphere. [6] As rulers over the material world, they are called ἄρχοντες ( archontes , "principalities", or "rulers").
Two different models of the process of creation existed in ancient Israel. [15] In the "logos" (speech) model, God speaks and shapes unresisting dormant matter into effective existence and order (Psalm 33: "By the word of YHWH the heavens were made, and by the breath of his mouth all their hosts; he gathers up the waters like a mound, stores the Deep in vaults"); in the second, or "agon ...
Plato and Aristotle taught that the stars were composed of a type of matter different from the four earthly (classical) elements – a fifth, ethereal element or quintessence. In the "astral mysticism" of the classical world the human psyche was composed of the same material, thus accounting for the influence of the stars upon human affairs.
The seven heavens and the sublunar spheres, from an engraving of Albertus Magnus' Philosophia naturalis. Plato and Aristotle helped to formulate the original theory of a sublunary sphere in antiquity, [4] [missing long citation] the idea usually going hand in hand with geocentrism and the concept of a spherical Earth.