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Compressor stalls were a common problem on early jet engines with simple aerodynamics and manual or mechanical fuel control units, but they have been virtually eliminated by better design and the use of hydromechanical and electronic control systems such as full authority digital engine control. Modern compressors are carefully designed and ...
Following an engine shutdown, a precautionary landing is usually performed with airport fire and rescue equipment positioned near the runway. The prompt landing is a precaution against the risk that another engine will fail later in the flight or that the engine failure that has already occurred may have caused or been caused by other as-yet unknown damage or malfunction of aircraft systems ...
In aviation, a flameout (or flame-out) is the run-down of a jet engine or other turbine engine due to the extinguishment of the flame in its combustor.The loss of flame can have a variety of causes, such as fuel starvation, excessive altitude, compressor stall, foreign object damage deriving from birds, hail, or volcanic ash, severe precipitation, mechanical failure, or very low ambient ...
Rolls-Royce Avon early jet engine showing 1 of 2 sets of 3 valves at the top and 1 of 2 valves at the bottom which release some air from the compressor, pressure ratio 7.45:1, for starting and low speed running. Also visible at the front is the row of bearings for the variable inlet guide vanes.
Depending on the make and model, a jet engine may have an N 1 gauge that monitors the low-pressure compressor section and/or fan speed in turbofan engines. The gas generator section may be monitored by an N 2 gauge, while triple spool engines may have an N 3 gauge as well.
The Pratt & Whitney JT8D is a low-bypass (0.96 to 1) turbofan engine introduced by Pratt & Whitney in February 1963 with the inaugural flight of the Boeing 727.It was a modification of the Pratt & Whitney J52 turbojet engine which powered the US Navy A-6 Intruder and A-4 Skyhawk attack aircraft.
During low-speed flight, controllable flaps close the bypass duct and force air directly into the compressor section of the turbojet. During high-speed flight, the flaps block the flow into the turbojet, and the engine operates like a ramjet using the aft combustion chamber to produce thrust. The engine would start out operating as a turbojet ...
In the case of a 2-spool turbojet, such as the Olympus 593 in Concorde, the nozzle area may be varied to enable simultaneous achievement of maximum low-pressure compressor speed and maximum turbine entry temperature over the wide range of engine entry temperatures which occurs with flight speeds up to Mach 2. [30]