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Saltwater is 0.444 psi/ft (2.5% higher than fresh water but this not general and depends on salt concentration in water) Pore pressure in the rock could be as high as 1.0 psi/ft of depth (19.25 lb/gal) A well with 5,000 feet of seawater and 15,000 feet of rock could have an overburden pressures at the bottom as high as 17,220 psi (5000 * 0.444 ...
Fluids exert pressure, and this pressure comes from the density and height of the fluid column. Oil companies typically measure density in pounds per gallon (ppg) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3) and pressure measurement in pounds per square inch (psi) or bar or pascal (Pa). Pressure increases with fluid density.
In petroleum geology and the petrochemical sciences pertaining to oil wells, and more specifically within hydrostatics, pressure gradients refer to the gradient of vertical pressure in a column of fluid within a wellbore and are generally expressed in pounds per square inch per foot (psi/ft). This column of fluid is subject to the compound ...
HSP = 0.052 × MW × TVD', where MW (Mud Weight or density) is the drilling-fluid density in pounds per gallon (ppg), TVD is the true vertical depth in feet and HSP is the hydrostatic pressure in psi. The 0.052 is needed as the conversion factor to psi unit of HSP. [10] [11] To convert these units to SI units, one can use: 1 ppg ≈ 119.826 ...
The psi-potential is also frequently called the "datum pressure", since the function represents the pressure at any point in the reservoir after being transferred to the datum plane / depth z 0. In practical engineering work it is very useful to refer pressures measured in wells to a datum level or to map the distribution of datum pressures ...
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...
pound (avoirdupois) per cubic foot lb/ft 3: ≡ lb/ft 3: ≈ 16.018 463 37 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per cubic inch lb/in 3: ≡ lb/in 3: ≈ 2.767 990 471 × 10 4 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 99.776 372 66 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 119.826 4273 kg/m 3 ...
In this well, the outside casing of the 'B' annulus is 13 + 3 ⁄ 8 in (340 mm) N80 grade with a weight of 68 lb⋅ft (92 N⋅m) −1. The burst pressure of this casing is 5020 psi. 1.2 sg brine produces a pressure gradient of 0.52 psi.ft −1 (see Well kill for the mathematical basics of hydrostatic heads). Therefore, the column of brine ...