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It can also cause liver damage and cardiovascular side effects like high blood pressure. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
Halo ketones react with phosphites in the Perkow reaction. The halo group can be removed in reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones. α-Halo ketones can also be converted to alkenes by treatment with hydrazine. Due to the presence of two electron withdrawing groups (carbonyl and halide), the α-hydrogen is acidic.
If an α-halo ketone is used, the product is an α,β-epoxy ketone. [2] Any sufficiently strong base can be used for the initial deprotonation. However, if the starting material is an ester, the alkoxide corresponding to the ester side-chain is commonly chosen in order to prevent complications due to potential acyl exchange side reactions.
In the case of cyclic α-halo ketones, the Favorskii rearrangement constitutes a ring contraction. This rearrangement takes place in the presence of a base, sometimes hydroxide , to yield a carboxylic acid, but usually either an alkoxide base or an amine to yield an ester or an amide , respectively. α,α'-Dihaloketones eliminate HX under the ...
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11-Ketotestosterone (11-KT) is an oxidized form of testosterone that contains a keto group at the C11 position. It is related to adrenosterone, an androgen found in trace quantities in humans.
Cialis has several common side effects, many of which also happen with other drugs used to treat ED, like sildenafil (generic Viagra®), vardenafil , and avanafil (Stendra®).
[8] [9] In addition to its medical use, mesterolone has been used to improve physique and performance, although it is not commonly used for such purposes due to its weak anabolic effects. [2] The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.