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In ancient Greece and Rome, the tympanon (τύμπανον) or tympanum, was a type of frame drum or tambourine. It was circular, shallow, and beaten with the palm of the hand or a stick. Some representations show decorations or zill-like objects around the rim. The instrument was played by worshippers in the rites of Dionysus, Cybele, and ...
Last Judgment by Gislebertus in the west tympanum at the Autun Cathedral The Temptation of Eve, detail, now at the Musée Rolin. Gislebertus, Giselbertus or Ghiselbertus, sometimes "of Autun" (flourished in the 12th century), was a French Romanesque sculptor, whose decoration (about 1120–1135) of the Cathedral of Saint Lazare at Autun, France – consisting of numerous doorways, tympanums ...
The late Romanesque tympanum of Vézelay Abbey, Burgundy, France, 1130s. A tympanum (pl.: tympana; from Greek and Latin words meaning "drum") is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch. [1] It often contains pedimental sculpture or other imagery or ...
The tympanum to the near-left portal shows scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary. The lower portion of this portal, up to the trumeau date to the sixteenth century. [12] The far left tympanum is dedicated to William of Donjeon, and depicts scenes from his life. The portal is topped with an openwork gable and is divided in the center by a ...
The tympanum thus has symbolic meaning, reflecting the belief that through death, the soul moves from one world into the next. The theologian and minister William Perkins wrote that death was "a little wicket or doore whereby we passe out of this world and enter into heaven."
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Over each portal is a tympanum filled with sculpture. The centerpiece of the Tympanum of the Last Judgement is the figure of Christ, raising his hands, judging those below him. On his right and left, the Virgin Mary and Saint John appeal to him to be merciful.
A carving of George Washington is located between the doors, and six smaller figures are located on the tympanum above the doors. [316] The exterior is made of pink Kingwood sandstone. [315] [317] [318] Inside is a hall that can seat over a thousand people, [j] with gallery seating above the main level. There are grisaille windows to the north ...