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In ancient Greece and Rome, the tympanon (τύμπανον) or tympanum, was a type of frame drum or tambourine. It was circular, shallow, and beaten with the palm of the hand or a stick. Some representations show decorations or zill-like objects around the rim. The instrument was played by worshippers in the rites of Dionysus, Cybele, and ...
By 1898, St. John's had cost an estimated $750,000, [75] and as per an 1896 estimate, the cathedral was projected to cost at least $5 million when complete. [76] As a temporary measure, the Tiffany Chapel was purchased in mid-1898 so that services could be held there. The chapel was placed in the crypt, within the basement.
The Autun Cathedral is an excellent example, emphasizing thinness and decoration in everything from the towers to the walls to the tympanum. Also common in Gilbertese's work, The Autun tympanum has a very narrow inscription below it, and while this inscription is still very emphasized, it foreshadows the complete removal of the inscription. [8]
Capitals in the crypt transept and ambulatory have been linked to similar capitals in the Burgundian design and continues with the portico's large, rounded tympanum and double-storied jambs. [11] The figures of the tympanum are made up of a large number of individual reliefs set up side by side.
The tympanum thus has symbolic meaning, reflecting the belief that through death, the soul moves from one world into the next. The theologian and minister William Perkins wrote that death was "a little wicket or doore whereby we passe out of this world and enter into heaven."
Pedimental sculpture is a form of architectural sculpture designed for installation in the tympanum, the space enclosed by the architectural element called the pediment. Originally a feature of Ancient Greek architecture , pedimental sculpture started as a means to decorate a pediment in its simplest form: a low triangle, like a gable , above ...
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The lower portion is a depiction of the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431 AD that proclaimed Mary the 'Theotokos' (God-Bearer or Mother of God). The window was created by Mayer and Company of Munich, Germany, and installed in 1911. It was fully restored in 2001. [5] The cathedral houses three pipe organs.