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Pronator quadratus is a square-shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand. Structure
The muscles are largely involved with flexion and supination. [2] The superficial muscles have their origin on the common flexor tendon. [2] The ulnar nerve and artery are also contained within this compartment. [2] The flexor digitorum superficialis lies in between the other four muscles of the superficial group and the three muscles of the ...
The anterior interosseous nerve classically innervates 2.5 muscles: which are deep muscles of the forearm flexor pollicis longus; pronator quadratus; the radial (lateral) half of flexor digitorum profundus (inserting on the second and third digits) and the inferior radioulnar, wrist and carpal joints.
At the upper border of the pronator quadratus muscle it pierces the interosseous membrane and reaches the back of the forearm, where it anastomoses with the dorsal interosseous artery. It then descends, in company with the terminal portion of the dorsal interosseous nerve, to the back of the wrist to join the dorsal carpal network.
Pronator teres pronates the forearm, turning the hand posteriorly. If the elbow is flexed to a right angle, then pronator teres will turn the hand so that the palm faces inferiorly. It is assisted in this action by pronator quadratus. It also weakly flexes the elbow, or assists in flexion at the elbow when there is strong resistance.
Compression of the median nerve in the region of the elbow or proximal part of the forearm can cause pain and/or numbness in the distribution of the distal median nerve, and weakness of the muscles innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve: the flexor pollicis longus ("FPL"), the flexor digitorum profundus of the index finger ("FDP IF"), and the pronator quadratus ("PQ").
In the forearm, this action is performed by pronator quadratus and pronator teres muscle. Brachioradialis puts the forearm into a midpronated/supinated position from either full pronation or supination. For the foot, pronation will cause the sole of the foot to face more laterally than when standing in the anatomical position.
The anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the median nerve, with a large sensory branch to the wrist bones, which arises just below the elbow. It passes distally, anteriorly along the interosseous membrane and innervates flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus to index and middle finger as well as pronator quadratus, and supplies sensory feedback from the wrist bones, i.e. the ...