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The pump used should be a high-pressure, low-volume test, or cementing pump. Rig pumps can be used if the rig has electric drives on the mud pumps, and they can be slowly rolled over. If the rig pump must be used and the pump cannot be easily controlled at low rates, then the leak-off technique must be modified.
The line of sucker rods is represented in this diagram by the solid black line in the center of the well. A sucker rod is a steel rod, typically between 7 and 9 metres (25 and 30 ft) in length, and threaded at both ends, used in the oil industry to join together the surface and downhole components of a reciprocating piston pump installed in an oil well.
As technology has advanced, more modern drillers have better control of the overall well. Oil well control is the management of the dangerous effects caused by the unexpected release of formation fluid, such as natural gas and/or crude oil, upon surface equipment of oil or gas drilling rigs and escaping into the atmosphere.
A simple control system for a water well. Referring to the figure on the left, a submersible water pump is installed in a well. The pressure switch turns the water pump on when it senses a pressure that is less than P lo and turns it off when it senses a pressure greater than P hi. While the pump is on, the pressure tank fills up.
When the well has been drilled, it is completed to provide an interface with the reservoir rock and a tubular conduit for the well fluids. The surface pressure control is provided by a Christmas tree, which is installed on top of the wellhead, with isolation valves and choke equipment to control the flow of well fluids during production.
The storage volume of the wet well between the "pump on" and "pump off" settings is designed to minimize pump starts and stops, but is not so long a retention time as to allow the sewage in the wet well to go septic. Sewage pumps are almost always end-suction centrifugal pumps with open impellers and are specially designed with a large open ...