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  2. Bag-of-words model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag-of-words_model

    A common alternative to using dictionaries is the hashing trick, where words are mapped directly to indices with a hashing function. [5] Thus, no memory is required to store a dictionary. Hash collisions are typically dealt via freed-up memory to increase the number of hash buckets [clarification needed]. In practice, hashing simplifies the ...

  3. Zipf's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf's_law

    A plot of the frequency of each word as a function of its frequency rank for two English language texts: Culpeper's Complete Herbal (1652) and H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds (1898) in a log-log scale. The dotted line is the ideal law y ∝ ⁠ 1 / x ⁠

  4. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python has two ways to annotate Python code. One is by using comments to indicate what some part of the code does. Single-line comments begin with the hash character (#) and continue until the end of the line.

  5. n-gram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-gram

    Here are further examples; these are word-level 3-grams and 4-grams (and counts of the number of times they appeared) from the Google n-gram corpus. [4] 3-grams ceramics collectables collectibles (55) ceramics collectables fine (130) ceramics collected by (52) ceramics collectible pottery (50) ceramics collectibles cooking (45) 4-grams

  6. Word2vec - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word2vec

    Goldberg and Levy point out that the word2vec objective function causes words that occur in similar contexts to have similar embeddings (as measured by cosine similarity) and note that this is in line with J. R. Firth's distributional hypothesis. However, they note that this explanation is "very hand-wavy" and argue that a more formal ...

  7. Bigram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigram

    A bigram or digram is a sequence of two adjacent elements from a string of tokens, which are typically letters, syllables, or words.A bigram is an n-gram for n=2.. The frequency distribution of every bigram in a string is commonly used for simple statistical analysis of text in many applications, including in computational linguistics, cryptography, and speech recognition.

  8. Syntax (programming languages) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)

    Syntax highlighting and indent style are often used to aid programmers in recognizing elements of source code. This Python code uses color-coded highlighting. In computer science, the syntax of a computer language is the rules that define the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in ...

  9. Shannon–Fano coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon–Fano_coding

    Putting the dividing line between symbols B and C results in a total of 22 in the left group and a total of 17 in the right group. This minimizes the difference in totals between the two groups. With this division, A and B will each have a code that starts with a 0 bit, and the C, D, and E codes will all start with a 1, as shown in Figure b.