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The active laser medium (also called a gain medium or lasing medium) is the source of optical gain within a laser. The gain results from the stimulated emission of photons through electronic or molecular transitions to a lower energy state from a higher energy state previously populated by a pump source. Examples of active laser media include:
In laser physics, gain or amplification is a process where the medium transfers part of its energy to the emitted electromagnetic radiation, resulting in an increase in optical power. This is the basic principle of all lasers. Quantitatively, gain is a measure of the ability of a laser medium to increase optical power. However, overall a laser ...
The gain medium is the major determining factor of the wavelength of operation, and other properties, of the laser. Gain media in different materials have linear spectra or wide spectra. Gain media with wide spectra allow tuning of the laser frequency. There are hundreds if not thousands of different gain media in which laser operation has been ...
Laser gain medium and type Operation wavelength(s) Pump source Applications and notes Dye lasers: 390-435 nm , 460-515 nm (coumarin 102), 570-640 nm (rhodamine 6G), many others Other laser, flashlamp Research, laser medicine, [2] spectroscopy, birthmark removal, isotope separation. The tuning range of the laser depends on which dye is used.
A laser consists of a gain medium, a mechanism to energize it, and something to provide optical feedback. [27] The gain medium is a material with properties that allow it to amplify light by way of stimulated emission. Light of a specific wavelength that passes through the gain medium is amplified (power increases).
Neodymium ions in various types of ionic crystals, and also in glasses, act as a laser gain medium, typically emitting 1064 nm light from a particular atomic transition in the neodymium ion, after being "pumped" into excitation from an external source. Nd:YAG lasers are optically pumped using a flashtube or laser diodes. These are one of the ...
This improved gain medium was central to the demonstration of the first tunable narrow-linewidth solid-state dye laser oscillators, by Duarte, [8] which were later optimized to deliver pulse emission in the kW regime in nearly diffraction limited beams with single-longitudinal-mode laser linewidths of ≈ 350 MHz (or ≈ 0.0004 nm, at a laser wavelength of 590 nm). [9]
Laser rods (from left to right): Ruby, alexandrite, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG. A solid-state laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. [1] Semiconductor-based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid-state lasers, called ...