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The origin of water on Earth is the subject of a body of research in the fields of planetary science, astronomy, and astrobiology. Earth is unique among the rocky planets in the Solar System in having oceans of liquid water on its surface. [ 2 ]
Water is a good polar solvent, dissolving many salts and hydrophilic organic molecules such as sugars and simple alcohols such as ethanol. Water also dissolves many gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide—the latter giving the fizz of carbonated beverages, sparkling wines and beers.
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Astronaut Jack Lousma taking a shower in space, 1974
Most water in Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from saline seawater, while fresh water accounts for nearly 1% of the total. The vast bulk of the water on Earth is saline or salt water, with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of seawater), though this varies slightly according to the amount of runoff received from surrounding land.
Subsurface water may return to the surface (e.g. as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans. Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated, under the force of gravity or gravity induced pressures. Groundwater tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly, so it can remain in aquifers for ...
various small bodies of water such as a swimming pool, reflecting pool, pond, or puddle. Pond: a body of water smaller than a lake, especially those of artificial origin. Port: a maritime facility where ships may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo. Pothole: see kettle: Puddle: a small accumulation of water on a surface, usually the ...
History of slavery overlooked on both continents. As the crowd waited for Biden to deliver remarks on a stage near the National Slavery Museum, Tonya Matthews, president of the International ...
Starting in 1985, researchers proposed that life arose at hydrothermal vents, [224] [225] that spontaneous chemistry in the Earth's crust driven by rock–water interactions at disequilibrium thermodynamically underpinned life's origin [226] [227] and that the founding lineages of the archaea and bacteria were H 2-dependent autotrophs that used ...