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In the English language, Romani people have long been known by the exonym Gypsies or Gipsies, [88] which many Roma consider to be an ethnic slur. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [ 92 ]
In 2009–2010, a media campaign followed by a parliamentary initiative asked the Romanian Parliament to accept a proposal to revert the official name of country's Roma (adopted in 2000) to Țigan (Gypsy), the traditional and colloquial Romanian name for Romani, to avoid the possible confusion among the international community between the words ...
The English term gypsy or gipsy [16] is commonly used to indicate Romani people, [17] and use of the word gipsy in modern-day English is pervasive (and is a legal term under English law—see below), and some Romani organizations use it in their own organizational names, particularly in the United Kingdom.
The migration of the Romani people through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe. The key shows the century of arrival in that area, e.g., S.XII is the 12th century. Romani people first arrived in Europe via the Balkans sometime between the 9th and 14th centuries from north India, through Iran, Armenia, and Anatolia. [33] [34] [35]
There is a sizable Romani minority in Romania, known as Ţigani in Romanian and, recently, as Rromi, of 621,573 people or 3.3% of the total population (2011 census), although the Council of Europe estimates the figure to be 1.85 million people or 8.32% of the population. [127]
The Romani language is spoken by millions of Romani people throughout the world. [80] It is of the Indo-Aryan branch. Many Romani people can speak two or more languages. It is not considered an official language because it varies from tribe to tribe. [81] Romani is influenced by Persian, Greek, Armenian, Iranic, Georgian and Arabic. [82] [83]
Fanfare Ciocărlia (formed 1996) – Romanian brass band; Félix Lajkó (born 1974) – Hungarian-Serbian violinist and composer (part Romani) Florin Salam – Romanian singer; György Cziffra (1921–1994) – Hungarian virtuoso pianist; Gigi Radics – Hungarian singer; Haris Džinović (born 1951) – Bosnian folk singer; Harri Stojka ...
Romani dress is the traditional attire of the Romani people, widely known in English by the exonymic slur Gypsies. [a] Romani traditional clothing is closely connected to the history, culture and identity of the Roma people. [2] [3] Certain scholars connect similarities of Romani dress with South Asian populations due to the South Asian origins ...