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Anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA) antibodies are a group of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) the target antigen of which is double stranded DNA. Blood tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are routinely performed to detect anti-dsDNA antibodies in diagnostic laboratories.
Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are highly associated with SLE. They are a very specific marker for the disease, with some studies quoting nearly 100%. [8] Data on sensitivity ranges from 25 to 85%. Anti-dsDNA antibody levels, known as titres, correlate with disease activity in SLE; high levels indicate more active lupus.
Crithidia luciliae is a flagellate parasite that uses the housefly, Musca domestica, as a host. [1] [2] As part of the family of Trypanosomatidae, it is characterised by the presence of a kinetoplast, a complex network of interlocking circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules.
Derivatives known as tadpoles, in which peptide aptamer "heads" are covalently linked to unique sequence double-stranded DNA "tails", allow quantification of scarce target molecules in mixtures by PCR (using, for example, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) of their DNA tails. [92]
ATM (ATM) is also a protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand damages activate the Fanconi anemia core complex (FANCA/B/C/E/F/G/L/M). [25] The FA core complex monoubiquitinates the downstream targets FANCD2 and FANCI. [26] ATM activates (phosphorylates) CHEK2 and FANCD2 [27] CHEK2 ...
Anti-histone antibodies can be clinically detected using an ELISA assay. A blood sample is required for the test. [9] [5] Indirect immunofluorescence can also be used to detect anti-histone antibodies. Homogeneous, diffuse staining indicates the presence of anti-histone antibodies, chromatin, and some double-stranded DNA. [4]
Alkylating antineoplastic agents have limitations. Their functionality has been found to be limited when in the presence of the DNA-repair enzyme O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Cross-linking of double-stranded DNA by alkylating agents is inhibited by the cellular DNA-repair mechanism, MGMT.
DNase I contains four ion-binding pockets, and requires Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ for hydrolyzing double-stranded DNA. [5] Two of the sites strongly bind Ca 2+ while the other two coordinate Mg 2+ . Little has been published on the number and location of the Mg 2+ binding sites, although it has been proposed that Mg 2+ is located near the catalytic ...