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There are two general thermoforming process categories. [3] Sheet thickness less than 1.5 mm (0.060 inches) is usually delivered to the thermoforming machine from rolls or from a sheet extruder. Thin-gauge roll-fed or inline extruded thermoforming applications are dominated by rigid or semi-rigid disposable packaging.
A simple visualization of the forming process Vacuum forming machine to produce inner liner/food liner of refrigerator. Vacuum forming is a simplified version of thermoforming, where a sheet of plastic in various forms of High Impact Polystyrene Sheet (HIPS) for low impact products, or ABS for bathroom shower trays, and HDPE for exterior vehicle parts, plus various other types of vacuum ...
Thermoforming is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable forming temperature, and stamped to a specific shape in a 2-part mold. Or a vacuum can be used to pull the plastic sheet onto the mold in a simplified process known as vacuum forming. The excess material is trimmed off and recycled.
Unplasticised PVC has good thermoforming properties but may not provide good moisture protection for some products. After the forming process a 250 μm film will have a final thickness of 50 to 100 μm in some deep drawn pockets. The reduction in thickness will result in an increase in WVT. [9]
For titanium alloys e.g. Ti 6Al 4V and some stainless steels this is around 900 °C (1,650 °F) and for aluminium alloys e.g. AA5083 it is between 450 and 520 °C. In this state the material becomes soft so processes that are usually used on plastics can be applied, such as: thermoforming, blow forming, and vacuum forming. [1]
From acrylic, it obtains rigidity and formability; from PVC, toughness, chemical resistance and good interior finish ratings. Sheet thickness ranges from .029 to .500 inches (0.74 to 12.70 mm) and can be thermoformed, post formed, brake formed and laminated. [2] Flexural modulus is 2,800 megapascals (400,000 psi)