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If each item to be sorted is itself an integer, and used as key as well, then the second and third loops of counting sort can be combined; in the second loop, instead of computing the position where items with key i should be placed in the output, simply append Count[i] copies of the number i to the output.
Bubble sort has a worst-case and average complexity of (), where is the number of items being sorted. Most practical sorting algorithms have substantially better worst-case or average complexity, often O ( n log n ) {\displaystyle O(n\log n)} .
Python uses the following syntax to express list comprehensions over finite lists: S = [ 2 * x for x in range ( 100 ) if x ** 2 > 3 ] A generator expression may be used in Python versions >= 2.4 which gives lazy evaluation over its input, and can be used with generators to iterate over 'infinite' input such as the count generator function which ...
For brevity, these words will have the specified meanings in the following tables (unless noted to be part of language syntax): funcN A function.
myArray. forEach (function (item, index) {// Do stuff with item and index // The index variable can be omitted from the parameter list if not needed}); The ECMAScript 6 standard introduced a more conventional for..of syntax that works on all iterables rather than operating on only array instances.
Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})
Shuffling can also be implemented by a sorting algorithm, namely by a random sort: assigning a random number to each element of the list and then sorting based on the random numbers. This is generally not done in practice, however, and there is a well-known simple and efficient algorithm for shuffling: the Fisher–Yates shuffle .
Some languages may allow list types to be indexed or sliced like array types, in which case the data type is more accurately described as an array. In type theory and functional programming, abstract lists are usually defined inductively by two operations: nil that yields the empty list, and cons, which adds an item at the beginning of a list. [1]