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Capital punishment in France (French: peine de mort en France) is banned by Article 66-1 of the Constitution of the French Republic, voted as a constitutional amendment by the Congress of the French Parliament on 19 February 2007 and simply stating "No one can be sentenced to the death penalty" (French: Nul ne peut être condamné à la peine de mort).
Capital Punishment was abolished for political crimes in 1852, civil crimes in 1867 and war crimes in 1911. [372] In 1916, capital punishment was reinstated only for military offenses that occurred in a war against a foreign country and in the theater of war. [373] Capital punishment was completely abolished again in 1976. [374] Romania: 1989 ...
Capital punishment is retained in law by 55 UN member states or observer states, with 140 having abolished it in law or in practice.The most recent legal executions performed by nations and other entities with criminal law jurisdiction over the people present within its boundaries are listed below.
In 2012, Latvia became the last EU member state to abolish capital punishment in wartime. [1] In Russia, capital punishment has been indefinitely suspended (under moratorium) since 1996. [2] [3] Except for Belarus, which, most recently, carried out one execution in 2022, [4] the last execution in a European country occurred in Ukraine in 1997.
On 9 October the law was officially enacted, ending capital punishment in France. [22] During his mandate, he also helped abolish "juridictions d'exception " ("special courts"), such as the Cour de Sûreté de l'État ("State Security Court ") and the military courts, [23] and improved the rights of victims of crime. [23]
After its adoption, the device remained France's standard method of judicial execution until the abolition of capital punishment in 1981. [4] The last person to be executed by a government via guillotine was Hamida Djandoubi on 10 September 1977 in France.
Capital punishment has been completely abolished by 108 countries, a further seven have done so for all offences except under special circumstances and 26 more have abolished it in practice because they have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice against carrying out executions.
The age of the offender was taken into consideration in dispensing punishment, retaining the Roman distinction between infants, pre-pubescent, pubescent, and so on. If they were Latin: doli capax, lit. 'capable of deceit', they could be legally punished, including capital punishment for children of 11. [19]